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The decoration of the wall mainly includes: latex paint, painting, wallpaper (cloth), partition board, ceramic tile, wood veneer, stone paint, gypsum formwork. The process of the wall has its beginning and end, and the practice is the decisive factor. But it is certain that the ceramic tile decoration must be done after the ceiling, while latex paint and other methods that are easy to cause pollution are usually done at the back. Now, let's follow the website of building materials to see some common practices:
1、 Emulsion paint
Extremely popular decoration practices. You can refer to the chapter on paint prepared by the author to see the relevant details. Latex paint is the mainstream of wall treatment at present.
In the secondary decoration, the treatment of the original coating layer before the emulsion paint coating is based on the following three principles:
1. Generally, the walls of new houses only need to be polished with coarse sandpaper, and the original paint layer does not need to be removed.
2. The walls of ordinary old houses generally need to remove the original paint. The method is to wet the surface with water, and then remove the surface paint with a trowel or electric planer.
3. For the old walls that are in disrepair for a long time, the surface has been seriously peeled off, and the batch ironing layer is powdered and sandy, the paint layer and the whole batch ironing need to be removed until the cement batch ironing or brick layer is seen.
4. Then mix Shuangfei powder and cooked rubber powder to make the primer level, and then paint the emulsion paint. The surface layer needs to be painted 2 to 3 times, and the interval between each time is 24 hours.
It must be reminded that many industrial coatings are more or less toxic, so attention should be paid to ventilation during construction, and it should be volatilized at least a week after construction before moving in. To avoid harm to the health of family members.
2、 Spraying
Spraying is a kind of painting method of water-soluble coatings, which uses the characteristics of oil in water and uses a pressurized spray gun for construction. It can form a variety of colors and textures, with elegant effect and three-dimensional feeling.
The main advantage of spraying construction method is that the construction is fast and can greatly shorten the construction period. Its disadvantage is that it is difficult to maintain in the later stage, and it is easy to make the whole surface scarred due to the falling of a small part. Unless it is treated in a large area, it cannot be restored to its original state.
In addition, it should be noted that if the metal surface is sprayed, it is best to choose metallic paint (enamel).
3、 Wallpaper
Decoration is quite common. There are mainly paper wallpapers, chemical fiber wallpapers and plastic wallpapers. Cloth wallpaper is generally called wallpaper, which is not classified as wallpaper.
Wallpaper can be printed with patterns, which are changeable, rich in color, and convenient and fast in construction.
The most important key technology of wallpaper construction is mildew prevention and handling of scalability:
1) Mildew proof treatment. Before the wallpaper is posted, the base surface needs to be treated first, which can be ironed and leveled in batch with Shuangfei powder and cooked rubber powder. After it is completely dry, paint it with varnish once or twice, and then post it.
2) Scalability processing. The scalability of wallpaper is a long-standing problem. The solution is to start with prevention. On the one hand, 0.5mm overlap layer must be reserved. Some people unilaterally pursue beauty and cancel this overlap, which is inappropriate. In addition, try to buy some wallpapers with good scalability.
4、 Ceramic tile
Ceramic tile is a major project in current decoration. For specific varieties, please refer to other chapters on ceramic tiles. Ceramic tiles are mostly applied to the walls of kitchens, toilets, balconies and other places. The biggest advantage of ceramic tile decoration may be its resistance to dirt.
One of the main problems in ceramic tile decoration is the treatment of waterproof layer. Because most places in the kitchen and toilet have water problems. Therefore, the waterproof of the wall should be paid more attention.
New houses that are not waterproof or old houses that need to replace porcelain tiles need to be waterproof again. The main treatment methods of waterproof layer are:
Professional waterproof agent, such as No. 911 waterproof agent, should be used for 1m high floors and walls. The cheaper asphalt oil can be used for waterproof at the position where the wall is higher than 1m. If the economy is not sufficient, asphalt or resin can also be directly used for ground waterproof. The ground and the position of 20cm on the ground must be thicker.
Waterproof layer shall be made for the new house. After construction, attention shall be paid to check that there is no gap on the surface. After the old ceramic tile surface of the old house is removed, the waterproof layer can only be made after the cement batch ironing.
After the construction of ceramic tiles, if there is damage that needs to be repaired, be careful. If the position is low, the waterproof layer may break during removal. Before adding new bricks, the waterproof layer should also be repaired before paving ceramic tiles.
After finishing the decoration, try to avoid drilling holes at a height of less than 1m.
As for the problem of ceramic tile seam, please refer to the chapter of floor decoration.
5、 Wood veneer
Wood veneer is now the practice of some high-end decoration. Generally, a 3cm decorative panel is pasted on the 9cm base plate, and then fixed with mosquito nails. The wood veneer can be made into various shapes, which is the main reason for its appearance, and the wood veneer has various natural textures, which can bring gorgeous effects to the interior.
Due to the different designs, it is impossible to describe the details here, but it should be noted that the wood veneer, just like the painting method of Chinese painting, must be used as a decoration? quot; Leave blank ". The idea of completely wrapping the wall with boards is not rational, and it is not helpful to the overall effect except for increasing the project budget.
No matter what kind of decoration, keep the surface clean. The decorative panel should be painted with varnish as the protective layer after it is purchased.
In the wood veneer, if the veneer is used for decoration, the technical problem may not be big, but if the plywood decoration is used and the surface is painted (mixed with oil), then there may be anti cracking requirements.
The anti cracking method of wood veneer is as follows:
1) The joint shall be treated at a 45 degree angle. A triangular groove surface is formed at its contact.
2) Fill the tank with atomic ash putty and stick the hub chain? Br>3) the surface shall be leveled with tinting putty.
4) Then carry out other paint layer treatment (hand brushing or oil mixing).
Mosquito nails must be used for fixing wood veneer. When treating the surface layer, fill it with tinting putty.
6、 Stone finish
For the specific description of stones, please refer to the relevant materials section.
The practice of stone wall decoration belongs to high-grade decoration practice. Generally, imported marble is used with high cost. Stone (except rough stone and cultural stone) can be used in public areas such as foyer, hall and corridor.
Stone construction in wall decoration is mainly divided into two methods: wet pasting method and dry hanging method.
1. The wet pasting method is the same as the laying of ceramic tiles. Please refer to the construction of ceramic tiles in the previous paragraph of this article for the specific construction method.
2. Dry hanging method is a popular practice in the construction industry. However, because the dry hanging method needs to occupy additional space, it is less used for indoor decoration with small area.
1) Slot the edge of the slate in advance, and the size of the slot depends on the specification of the pendant.
2) First, install the light steel structure with galvanized expansion screws. When installing the structure, it shall be straight and flat.
3) Install the pendant and stone plate, and then apply glass adhesive to the edge seam.
This dry hanging method is only applicable to the construction of internal wall. For the construction of external hanging dry hanging, most of them belong to the scope of architecture, which will not be detailed here.
Precautions:
According to several aspects that often cause problems on the wall, Hangli building materials summarizes five aspects, hoping to help you:
1. the moisture content of the wall base shall be less than 8%
2. the flatness of the wall shall be checked with a 2m guiding rule, and the height difference shall not exceed 2mm.
3. when splicing, the pattern shall be aligned first and then spliced to make the upper and lower patterns match.
4. it is forbidden to splice at the external corner. The wallpaper should cover the external corner by more than 20mm.
5. when mounting the glass fiber wall cloth and non-woven wall cloth, the adhesive shall not be applied on the back, but the adhesive shall be applied on the base. Because the wall cloth has small pores, the adhesive will print through the surface and produce glue marks, affecting the appearance.
